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| Home ›› Drug Guide ››Timolol |
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Timolol
Pharmacokinetics | Indications | Routes of Administration and Dosage | Contra Indications | Precautions | Interactions
| Systems |
Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular System
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| Category |
Non selective B-blocker
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Pharmacokinetics
It is well absorbed after oral administration, extensively metabolised in the liver with little unchanged drug appearing in the urine. Its bioavailability is 50%.
Indications
Timolol is used in the treatment of hypertension, to relieve angina and in IHD patients to help prevent additional Myocardial Infarction, to correct cardiac arrhythmias, in hyperthyroidism. It has a membrane stabilising effect in large doses. It causes decreased automaticity, conduction velocity and increases the refractory period to nerve impulses in nerve conduction. As a result, they decrease the heart's need for blood and oxygen by reducing its workload. They also help to maintain the cardiac rhythm.
Routes of Administration and Dosage
Oral dosage (tablets): For hypertension: Adults: 10 mg two times a day. It can be increased upto 60 mg per day taken as a single dose or in divided doses. For treatment after a MI: Adults: 10 mg two times a day. For preventing migraine headaches: Adults : 10 mg two times a day. It may be increased upto 30 mg once a day or in divided doses.
Contra Indications
Timolol is contraindicated in Sinus bradycardia, heart blocks, untreated cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, severe arterial disorder, hypoglycaemia, severe haemorrhage and asthma.
Precautions
Precaution should be taken during abrupt reduction in dosage, pregnancy, lactation, elderly, IHD,CCF, renal or hepatic dysfunction.
Interactions
It may increase the risk of serious allergic reaction to these drugs: Aminophylline, Caffeine, Oxitriphylline, Theophylline: the effects of both these drugs and beta-blockers may be reduced; in addition, theophylline levels in the body may be increased, especially in patients who smoke. Oral antidiabetics or Insulin: There is an increased risk of hyperglycemia ; beta-blockers may cover up certain symptoms of hypoglycemia such as increases in pulse rate and blood pressure, and may make the hypoglycemia last longer. Calcium channel blockers: bepridil, diltiazem, felodipine, flunarizine, isradipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, nimodipine, verapamil, clonidine, guanabenz : Effects on blood pressure may be increased. Adverse effects may occur if clonidine, guanabenz, or a beta-blocker is stopped suddenly after use together. Adverse cardiac effects may occur when beta-blockers are used with calcium channel blockers. Cocaine : Cocaine may block the effects of beta-blockers; in addition, there is an increased risk of Hypertension, tachcardia, and possibly cardiac disorders if cocaine is used while taking a beta-blocker. With Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors: Taking beta-blockers within 2 weeks of taking monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors may cause severe hypertension.
Pharmacokinetics | Indications | Routes of Administration and Dosage | Contra Indications | Precautions | Interactions
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