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Hematology
Life Span
Neutrophils |
2-4 days |
Lymphocytes |
2-3 days |
Eosinophils |
8-12 days |
Platelets |
9-11 days |
Basophils |
12-15
days |
|
|
Half Life
Heparin |
60- 90 minutes |
Factor VIII |
8 hours |
Fibrinogen |
100 hours |
Albumin |
20- 26
days |
|
Haemoglobin
| Hb A |
Alpha 2, Beta 2 |
| Hb F |
Alpha 2, Gamma 2 |
| Hb A 2 |
Alpha 2, Delta 2 |
| Hb H |
Beta 4 |
| Hb S |
Beta 6 val- glu |
| Hb Barts |
Gamma 4 |
Blood Coagulation factors
| 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 10 |
Produced in liver |
| 2, 7, 8, 9, 10 |
Levels increased with oral
contraceptives |
| 2, 7, 9, 10 |
Vitamin K required |
| 2, 7, 10 |
Prothrombin time helps to know the
deficiency state |
| 1. 2. 10 |
Both PTT and PT increased in
deficiency |
| 5, 8 |
unstable in stored blood |
| 5, 10 |
good for growth of hemophilus
organisms |
Thrombin time is used to monitor heparin activity
|
Uraemia |
Burr cells are seen |
|
Cirrhosis |
Spur cells are seen |
|
Iron depletion |
Seen in Iron deficiency anaemia, polycythemia vera |
|
Thalassemia minor |
Decreased osmolysis, microcytic hypochromic anaemia, increased HbA2. |
|
Sickle cell anaemia |
Tactoids and sickling seen. |
|
Acquired spherocytosis |
Schistocytes present, Coombs positive |
|
Hereditary spherocytosis |
Coombs negative |
|
Aplastic anaemia |
Platelets maximum affected and last to recover, Pancytopenia present |
|
Pernicious anaemia and Folate deficiency anaemia |
Anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, fragmented RBC , neutrophil lobes increased, platelets normal. Absolute reticulocyte count low. |
Sideroblastic Anaemia
- Hereditary
- Acquired
|
Ring Sideroblasts present (These are Iron granules in mitochondria around the nucleus)
Microcytic, hypochromis RBC
Macrocytic hypo or normochromic RBC |
|
Polycythemia vera |
Increased RBCs, platelets and Leukocytes
Splenomegaly esent
|
|
Myeloid metaplastia and Myelofibrosis |
Giant Platelets
Macrocytic Anaemia
‘Tear Drop’ poikilocytes
Leukoerythroblastic picture
|
|
Warm antibody autoimmune haemolytic anaemia |
Polychromasia and Spherocytosis present
|
| Megakaryocytosis marrow seen in |
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic purpura
Myeloid Metaplasia
Polycythemia vera
|
|
Subleukaemic Leukaemia |
Abnormal cells present
White cell count normal or decreased |
|
Aleukaemic leukaemia |
No abnormal cells
WBC Count usually decreased below normal
Diagnosis from marrow aspiration
|
| Hairy cell leukaemia |
Neutropenia, Splenomegaly, hair cells seen.
|
Acute non- lymphocytic Leukaemia
Lymphoblasts
Myeloblasts |
Total count usually more than 1, 00, 000
Macrocytic Normochromic Anaemia
Severe Thrombocytopenia
PAS Positive, Sudan black positive,
stains with Romanowski stain
|
| CML
|
All series of cells seen
Myeloblasts greater than 10,
Increased Basophils, eosonophils, thrombocytes |
| C.L.L( B Cell disease) |
Small lymphocytes increased.
Blasts are rare.
Auto immune hemolytic anaemia present. |
| Pro- lymphocytic Leukaemia |
Large lymphocytes with prominent nucleolus
|
| Eosinophillic Leukaemia
|
Eosnophils increased
|
| Burkit’s lymphoma
|
"Starry sky" appearance in Lymphnode biopsy
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HemophiliasDeficient Factor
|
Hemophilia A |
Factor VIII Deficiency |
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Hemophilia B |
Factor IX Deficiency |
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Hemophilia C |
Factor XI Deficiency |
|
Para hemophilia |
Factor V Deficiency |
|
Pseudohemophilia |
(Vascular Hemophilia)Von Willebrand’s disease |
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