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E.N.T
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General |
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External Auditory meatus
Cartilage ------outer 1/3rd
Bone ------- Inner 2/3rds |
Length 24 mm
8 mm
16 mm |
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2. Eustachian tube |
Length 36 mm |
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Cartilage -----inner 2/3 |
24 mm |
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Bone -----Outer 1/3 |
12 mm |
3. Vocal Chords
Membraneous
Cartilaginous
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Length 17- 21 mm
Anterior 2/3
Posterior 1/3 |
4. Speech range
Hearing discomfort |
500- 2000 Hz
90- 105 db |
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5. Normally |
One can hear from 18 ft |
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6. Rinne’s Positive |
Is Normal |
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7. Rinne’s negative |
Conductive hearing loss greater than 15- 20 db |
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8. Weber’s test |
Detects hearing loss of 5 db. More sensitive for conductive deafness. |
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9. Secretory Otitis Media |
Conductive deafness of 30- 40 db |
Causative Agents of ENT Diseases.
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1. External otitis in tropical countries |
Pseudomonas |
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2. Malignant external otitis |
Pseudomonas, |
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3. Furuncle |
Staphylococcus |
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4. Perichondritis of auricle |
Pseudomonas |
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6. Otomycosis |
Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans |
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7. Lupus of larynx |
Tuberculosis |
X- rays in E.N.T Best View
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Occipitomental |
Maxillary Sinus, PNS |
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Frontal |
Frontal and Ethmoidal |
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Oblique |
Ethmoidal |
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Submento Vertical |
Sphenoid |
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Tilted film |
To confirm fluid |
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Stenver’s or Towne’s view |
Petrous cells |
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Tympanic Membrane |
Colour |
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1. In Otosclerosis |
Flamingo pink |
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2. Blood in middle ear |
Blue |
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3. Glue ear |
Yellow |
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Tracheostomy Tubes |
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Durham’s tube |
Any size of the neck |
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Radcliff |
For thick neck, no inner tubes |
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Portex |
Non- irritant , no inner tube |
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Jackson Silver |
Outer and inner tubes present |
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Rees-pracy |
Valved, expired air goes through normal pathway |
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Most Common neck masses |
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Skin |
Sebaceous cyst |
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In general practice |
Lymph nodes |
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In general hospital |
Thyroid |
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Congenital—lateral |
Branchial cyst |
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Midline below Hyoid |
Thyroglossal cyst |
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Less common |
Cystic hygroma |
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Stridor |
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1. Stridor occurs when there is obstruction to lower respiratory tract |
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2. Inspiratory stridor is due to laryngeal obstruction. |
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3. Expiratory stridor ( wheeze) is due to bronchial obstruction. |
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4. Stridor of both could be due to abnormal blood vessel from aorta pressing on airways. |
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